Russia’s nonprofit sector has not been eliminated but re-engineered into a closely supervised extension of state social policy since the cutoff from Western funding, with the Presidential Grants Fund—created in 2017 amid restrictive “foreign agent” and “undesirable organization” laws—now channeling over 7 billion rubles annually to largely apolitical, socially oriented projects such as disability services, healthcare, and family support, while politically sensitive areas receive minimal support.